Finding the optimal size and locations for Photovoltaic (PV) units has been a major challenge for distribution system planners and researchers. In this study, a framework is proposed to integrate Geographical Information Systems (GIS), mathematical optimization, and simulation modules to obtain...

The performance of a novel dry-expansion evaporator developed for a wastewater source heat pump (WWSHP) was experimentally tested and the test results are reported. The evaporator is a retrofitted shell and tube heat exchanger where bio-fouling build-up on tube surface can be easily removed from...

When an air source heat pump (ASHP) unit is used for space heating at low ambient temperatures in winter, frost may form on its outdoor coil surface. Since the accumulated frost adversely affects its performance and energy efficiency, periodic defrosting of the outdoor coil is necessary....