Policies to assist low-income households obtain sufficient warmth and overcome fuel poverty depend upon energy-efficiency investments in the long run and increased fuel consumption meanwhile. The poor spend twice as much on fuel, as a proportion of income, and are more likely than other families...

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from motorised travel are hypothesised to be associated with individual, household, spatial and other environmental factors. Little robust evidence exists on who contributes most (and least) to travel CO2 and, in particular, the factors influencing commuting,...

Walking and cycling is widely assumed to substitute for at least some motorized travel and thereby reduce energy use and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. While the evidence suggests that a supportive built environment may be needed to promote walking and cycling, it is unclear whether and how...