In this paper, a mathematical model for stochastic simulation and optimization of small wind energy systems is presented. This model is able to consider the operation of the charge controller, the coulombic efficiency during charge and discharge processes, the influence of temperature on the...

Lifetime estimation of lead–acid batteries in stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems is a complex task because it depends on the operating conditions of the batteries. In many research simulations and optimisations, the estimation of battery lifetime is error-prone, thus producing values that...

This paper describes an application of the Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm to the multi-objective optimization of a stand-alone PV–wind–diesel system with batteries storage. The objectives to be minimized are the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and the equivalent carbon dioxide (CO2)...

Nowadays, around 1.44 billion people have still no access to electricity, most of them living in rural areas in South and Southeast Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa. The major residential energy consumption in these regions is for cooking. This energy demand is covered by firewood, agricultural...

This study is to analyze how to extend the sugar plants by a polygeneration technology to produce sugar, bioethanol, biogas and bioelectricity. The possibility of selling the bioelectricity to the national grid in Brazil is also investigated through optimizing the energy production at an...

In this paper, a storage system has been considered to be added to a private electricity facility in order to reduce the electricity bill. This kind of system could make sense with a time-of-use (TOU) tariff (with two or three periods of different electricity price) or a real-time pricing (RTP)...