pretreatment, biodiesel substrates, acyl acceptors and their step-wise addition, use of solvents, operating conditions of enzymatic … catalysis, bioreactor design. The ability of lipase to catalyze the synthesis of alkyl esters from low-cost feedstock with high …

alternatives, biomasses have garnered tremendous interests as potential feedstock for clean energy production. While numerous … recalcitrant nature of several feedstock presents a major technological obstacle for their processing and transformation …

cellulose in these species indicates that the materials could be a potential feedstock for bioethanol production too. To select …

settings, covering 5 fuel output types, 8 feedstock types, 12 countries and 8 combinations of agricultural management systems … benefits, as well as the size of investment and the alternative commodity markets, varies with the type of feedstock. The … choice of feedstock therefore depends on the local agricultural system, and the preferences and means of the local farmers …

195MLyear−1, respectively. The feedstock supply radius was 50 and 48km for regions 1 and 6, respectively, with a total … cost of feedstock and fixed cost of ethanol of 0.244$L−1 and 0.224$L−1, respectively. These results represented for the … equation for the calculation of the optimal feedstock supply radius was developed with the involvement of various factors. …

. This high fat containing insect has the potential to serve as biodiesel feedstock. In this study, larval grease extracted …

Conversion of woody biomass to chemicals, materials and energy requires at least three steps: pretreatment, cracking … and conversion. Size reduction is the minimum required pretreatment step prior to further processing. Cracking step is the … degradation. The pretreatment step is designed to improve the efficiency of the cracking step. Waste products are commonly …

This study focuses on improving the efficiency of the microwave (MW) pretreatment of waste activated sludge (WAS … subjected to MW pretreatment to assess its impact on biomass disintegration. At the optimised energy for MW pretreatment (14 …

vegetable oil, however, pretreatment and transesterification are generally required. These processes usually necessitate the use … the pretreatment, dissolution, and hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, as well as the synthesis and energy …