There are many different aspects a production-planning model has to be able to handle to make a model adequate for the purpose. One aspect is the handling of start-ups and shutdowns for different processes. The production plan is likely to be changed when considering, for example, a cost...

The pre-treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste is one of the main challenges in mechanical–biological treatment plants equipped with anaerobic digesters. The present study shows the successful revamping of the Sant Adrià del Besós plant pre-treatment line, where a...

Due to their numerous advantages, combined cycle power plants (CCPPs) have become an important technology for power generation. The part played by CCPPs on the power generation market includes frequent start-up/shutdown operations which must be optimized by means of innovative strategies, such...

This paper investigates the anode electrokinetics during the start-up or warm-up period of a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) from a temperature above 100°C, to the desired temperature of 180°C, where carbon monoxide (CO) contaminated hydrogen (H2) is used as the...