Current wet chemical methods for biomass composition analysis using two-step sulfuric acid hydrolysis are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and unable to provide structural information about biomass. Infrared techniques provide fast, low-cost analysis, are non-destructive, and have shown...

Diesohol fuel is a mixture of diesel and bioethanol fuels in which the ratio of bioethanol is less than 15%. In this research work, performance of a tractor engine (Massey Ferguson 399) using diesohol fuel was investigated. In these circumstances, the concentration of UHC and CO2 emissions in...

Bioethanol production from sago pith waste (SPW) using microwave hydrothermal hydrolysis accelerated by carbon dioxide was studied. The structural change in the SPW after hydrolysis, ethanol purity after fermentation, and distillation were investigated. Energy consumption for microwave...

A biorefinery involving internal stream reuse and recycling (including products and co-products) should result in better biomass resource utilisation, leading to a system with increased efficiency, flexibility, profitability and sustainability. To benefit from those advantages, process...

Waste papers (newspaper, office paper, magazines and cardboard in this study) with 50–73% (w/w oven dry weight) carbohydrate contents have considerable potential as raw materials for bioethanol production. A particle size reduction step of wet blending prior to enzymatic hydrolysis of...