Simple and reliable, PV direct-coupled DC pumps are promising in solar water heating systems (SWHS). However, there is limited experimental data on the performance comparison of PV-coupled SWHS with traditional SWHS. Hence in this study, a comparative test rig is set up to measure and analyze...

The outdoor performance of thin film technologies is not so satisfactorily understood as that of crystalline silicon. Despite all PV materials are influenced by the spectral irradiance, thin film PV modules are especially sensitive to it. Thus, the spectral factor (SF) is a useful index to...

The improvement of the energy efficiency of belt conveyor systems can be achieved at equipment and operation levels. Specifically, variable speed control, an equipment level intervention, is recommended to improve operation efficiency of belt conveyors. However, the current implementations...

A number of different analytical and numerical methods have previously been proposed to estimate solar cell/module parameters. For a single diode model, the parameters include the photocurrent, the saturation current, the parasitic series and shunt resistances, and the ideality factor. Among the...

In this paper gray-box models of the residential heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system were developed. The HVAC system comprises of several subsystems such as energy recovery ventilator (ERV), air handling unit (AHU), buffer tank (BT), radiant floor heating (RFH) system, zone...

The Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) was modified to describe the long-term process stability of a two-stage agricultural biogas system operated for 494days with a mono-substrate. The ADM1 model fraction for carbohydrates was divided into a slowly and readily degradable part. Significant...