Biodiesel is a promising renewable alternative to fossil energy. Biodiesel production from low-cost feedstock involves an essential pretreatment step – esterification of free fatty acids (e.g. oleic acid), for avoiding soap formation and catalyst deactivation. Sulfuric acid modified zirconia...

An irreversible magnetic Brayton refrigeration-cycle model is established, in which the thermal resistance and irreversibility in the two adiabatic processes are taken into account. Based on the model, the performance characteristics of the magnetic Brayton refrigeration-cycle are investigated...

The Stirling refrigeration cycle using an ideal Bose-gas as the working substance is called the Bose-Stirling refrigeration cycle, which is different from other thermodynamic cycles such as the Carnot cycle, Ericsson cycle, Brayton cycle, Otto cycle, Diesel cycle and Atkinson cycle working with...