Some investors may benefit from using measures of risk other than the variance in their investment decisions, specially if they are concerned with minimizing the downside risk of their portfolios. An accessible numerical method for calculating hedge ratios given any measure of risk is presented....

This study investigates the effects of the market portfolio being unknown on the estimation of beta in the CAPM. Providing an analysis of the impact of using a proxy for the market portfolio when the market portfolio is known. This allows one to ask and answer 'if what' questions, such as if...