Recent studies have documented an asymmetry in the market-beta of equity Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) based on high and low Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth states, as well as in bull and bear stock markets. The asymmetry has been deemed a puzzle (Chatrath <italic>et al</italic>., 2000; Chiang <italic>et al</italic>.,...

The purpose of this research is to examine the information content of order imbalances, an important variable in representing trading activity. The Taiwan Stock Exchange launched limited after-hours trading, in which investors can only trade at the closing price of the normal trading hours....