This study applies recurrent event analysis to examine the determinants of changes in firm credit ratings. This study uses two extended Cox proportional hazard models to examine upgrade and downgrade data separately. Explanatory variables are taken from financial ratios in Z-score (Altman, 1968)...

The pricing model for a First-to-Default (FtD) Credit Default Swap (CDS) with three assets is constructed with the assumptions that the default barrier is changing over time, the survival probability is log-normally distributed, and the default-free interest rate is constant. We calibrate the...