This paper employs a variance ratio test to reexamine the random walk hypothesis for the Canadian dollar, French franc, Deutsche mark, Japanese yen and British pound. In addition to standard normal test statistics, the bootstrap resampling technique is used to calculate the significance levels...

This paper assesses the importance of financial development and R&D spending for exports using both a theoretical model and econometric testing. It is shown that financial development and R&D expenditures are positively related to exports and the balance of manufactured goods. The results...