A time series measure of expectations is used to demonstrate the existence of an inverse relationship between inflation and real stock prices, even after controlling for output shocks. This provides some evidence against Fama's famous conjecture (Fama, E., 1981, Stock returns, real activity,...

This paper attempts to reconcile the differences in previous studies of the tests of foreign exchange market efficiency. The results show that the market efficiency tests depend on the choice of model between the level and the percentage change specifications. Cointegration testing results and...