dramatic transformations in the past century. While Classical economists advanced the hypothesis that inequality is beneficial …

-9), as well as the impact of voting registration on education outcomes at different points in time, namely in 1917 and in the …-2000 period. Our main conclusion is that race, rather than political institutions and education policies, is the main force …

We study the evolution of racial educational inequality across US states from 1940 to 2000. We show that throughout … initial racial gap in education and that slavery affects growth indirectly through this channel. …

, we find that the legacy of slavery does not affect current income per capita, but does affect current income inequality …. Moreover, we find that the impact of slavery on current income inequality is determined by racial inequality. We test three … alternative channels of transmission between slavery and inequality: a land inequality theory, a racial discrimination theory and …