This paper shows that outsourcing of parts of the workforce in unionized firms leads to wage moderation and as long as the share of the outsourced workforce is not too large, this wage moderation effect on domestic employment outweighs the direct substitution effect so that domestic employment...

We offer a unified framework to analyse the determination of employment, employee effort, wages, profit-sharing and capital structure when firms face stochastic revenue shocks. We apply a generalized Nash bargaining solution which extends the wage bargaining literature by incorporating effciency...