This paper identifies a "border" effect in the absence of a border. The finding that trade between East- and West-Japan … contemporaneous structure of Japan’s business and social networks, rather than cultural differences, induced by long …

The paper examines the effects of the supply pressure of the exports in the Japan-U.S. bilateral trade. A simultaneous … export supply pressure is much stronger in Japan’s exports than in the U.S. exports, and that supply pressure often affects …

American (LA) countries and the four largest economies in the world (namely the US, the Euro area, Japan and China) over the …