-in-differences analysis, using candidates in municipal elections as a control group, suggests that the higher salary increased the fraction of …

consider an Italian law which introduced gender quotas in local elections in 1993, and was abolished in 1995. As not all … municipalities went through elections during the period the reform was in force, we can identify two groups of municipalities and use … elections ; difference in differences ; average years of education …

and the subsequent pursuit of a Congressional career. The empirical approach uses a sample of mixed-gender elections to … women, and its effect on winning a Congressional race is five times larger for men than women. These gaps emerge early in …

-specific gender bias in elections which can describe both the presence of a real comparative advantage ('kernel-of-truth' case, or … investigate the relation between issue salience and women's performance using US data on House and Senate elections. Estimates of … significantly increase the probability that women candidates win elections. …

lower weights than rural residents. Urban net nutrition varied by race, and urban whites and blacks had lower BMIs, shorter …