policy-oriented studies have dealt with the evolution of unemployment in 2020, often country by country, this article focuses … on the evolution of unemployment as well as inactivity across European countries. Indeed, previous crises have typically … lead not only to more unemployment but also to larger numbers of discouraged unemployed and thus more inactivity. It …

, unemployment rates, and wages in fixed-effects regressions which effectively use changes in these indicators over time within … the response to unemployment shocks in these economies. In India, the unemployment rate does not seem to be a reliable …

, unemployment, and economic inactivity between 1996 and 2011. In our analyses, we distinguish between fixedterm employment, solo …

European unemployment is widely regarded as a problem of excessive real wages. This view as it is usually expressed …

harmed either employment or GDP. Even unemployment benefits do not have robustly negative effects …

-market recovery from financial crises is characterized by either higher unemployment ("jobless recovery") or a lower real wage …

and Sweden). We conduct inference with mixed frequency data, combining quarterly series for unemployment, vacancies, GDP …, consumption, and investment, with annual data on unemployment flows. Parameters and shocks are estimated separately for each … country, which can then vary in terms of search and hiring costs, workers' bargaining power, unemployment benefits levels …