approach is able to measure competition of bank market segments, such as the loan market, whereas many well-known measures of … ignores differences in bank product quality and design, as well as the attractiveness of innovations. We measure competition …

A growing body of literature indicates that competition increases bank soundness. Applying an industrial organization … indeed increases bank efficiency. Second, building on these results, we examine the relation between the Boone indicator … bank soundness. We find evidence that competition robustly increases bank soundness, via the efficiency channel. …

unique data set from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development for Kazakhstan, and investigate which strategy …