While unemployment rates in Europe declined after the global financial crisis until 2018/19, the incidence of long …-term unemployment, the share of people who have been unemployed for more than one year to the total unemployed, remained high. Moreover …, the COVID-19 pandemic could aggravate the long-term unemployment. This paper explores factors associated with long …

, unemployment benefit systems, and wage bargaining arrangements. In each case, the recent evolution and current state of Italian …