European unemployment is widely regarded as a problem of excessive real wages. This view as it is usually expressed …

harmed either employment or GDP. Even unemployment benefits do not have robustly negative effects …

-market recovery from financial crises is characterized by either higher unemployment ("jobless recovery") or a lower real wage …

and Sweden). We conduct inference with mixed frequency data, combining quarterly series for unemployment, vacancies, GDP …, consumption, and investment, with annual data on unemployment flows. Parameters and shocks are estimated separately for each … country, which can then vary in terms of search and hiring costs, workers' bargaining power, unemployment benefits levels …

In recent years, unemployment rates in some ECCU countries have been among the highest globally. This paper evaluates … significantly associated with high structural unemployment, while the global crisis added a cyclical component. Our analysis also … unemployment is related to the phase out of EU preferences on bananas/sugar exports or to a skills mismatch. As expected …