firm-level productivity paths differ between firms with varying degrees of exposure to international trade in India, the … productivity and a proxy for labor productivity, we find significant ex-ante differences in productivity between exporters and non …-exporters and no difference in the ex-post productivity gains. These findings suggest that even in a large emerging economy with …

above average size, initial profitability and initial labor productivity. After controlling for this selection bias, we find … that foreign investment has a positive, but statistically insignificant, impact on TFP (Total Factor Productivity) growth …

Even though it is well documented that privatization leads to an improvement in the performance of state … because it does not consider the performance of control firms of similar pre-privatization situations, i.e. the performance of … following privatization. Matching sample firms (privatized) to control firms (SOEs), I document that privatized firms do not …

efficiency gains result from better incentives and productivity, rather than from wholesale firing of employees and profitability …