Policy toward fiscal rules is an important issue in the countries of the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia). According to a rough estimate, the countries with rules (all but North Macedonia) have complied with their debt and...

US federal transfers to individuals are large, countercyclical, vary geographically, and are often credited for helping stabilize regional economies. This paper estimates the short-run effects of these transfers using plausibly exogenous regional variation in temporary stimulus packages and...

The government and the Central Bank of Haiti (BRH) aim to improve financial inclusion to foster more inclusive economic growth. With the support of the World Bank, the government developed a national financial inclusion strategy in 2014. Since financial cooperatives play an important role for...