EU Eastern Enlargement elicited a rise in (temporary) labour market oriented immi-gration to Germany starting in May … distribution; and a permanent positive effect on full-time employment. …

affect the nature of the immigration inflow can effectively reduce native income losses and dampen adjustment dynamics in … regional labor markets. One such intervention is to distribute the inflow more evenly over time. Smaller immigration inflows …

operationalize this indirect fiscal effect in a model of immigration and the labor market. We derive closed-form expressions for this … effect that has previously been documented. This challenges the perception of low-skilled immigration as a fiscal burden. …

accession affects income gaps. Moreover, if EU membership is refused, fear of future restrictions on immigration will lead to …