evidence of large heterogeneities among demographic groups. Interestingly, unemployment rates in levels across demographic … groups are not necessarily aligned with the sensitivity of these demographic groups’ (un)employment and participation rates …

major challenges for policy makers in Finland. The recession of the early 1990s showed that high unemployment can leave long …, greater flexibility in wage setting, ensuring earlier activation of unemployed and reforming unemployment and social benefits … to better support work incentives. Finland has an unusual combination of elevated unemployment replacement rates and late …

-employment to analyze the implications of introducing universal unemployment protection for informal workers through transfers …, which are conditional on participation in training programs. We study how changes in unemployment benefits (UB) for … increasing training UB reduces unprotected unemployment and improves labor market outcomes through higher formal salaried …

, greater average firm productivity, a larger formal employment share, and a marginally lower unemployment rate. …

economies (EMEs) by building a framework with equilibrium unemployment and firm entry that incorporates key elements of the …-employment, labor participation, and unemployment. As a result, the tax generates output and welfare losses. Green technology adoption …

, and a temporary impact on unemployment. However, labour market integration of immigrants (as well as integration of second …