reductions in other sectors. The union campaign aimed to increase employment through ‘work-sharing’, and is being emulated in the …

relative to male wages, but female employment has fallen 5 percentage points more than male employment. Using the German Socio … of the hazard rate from employment. Differences in mean 1990 wages explain more than one-half of the gender gap in this … hazard rate, since low earners were more likely to leave employment, and were disproportionately female. The withdrawal from …

insight into the problem by examining the determinants of transitions between non-employment (or unemployment) and employment …Following monetary union with the west in June 1990, the employment rate for east German 18-54 year olds fell from 89 …% to 73% in six years, and the decline for women was considerably larger. This employment fall is possibly the worst of any …