This paper uses a multiple indicators and multiple causes (MIMIC) model and estimates the extent of corruption in 30 … Chinese provinces from 1995 to 2015. Treating corruption as an unobserved latent variable, the MIMIC results show that both … government size and public investment have significant positive effects on corruption, while fiscal decentralization, citizen …

corruption. On the one hand, if we assume that the goal of criminals involved in corruption is to minimize the probability of … being detected, then corruption represents a demand for money laundering (trigger effect), while money laundering can serve … as an effective way to clean the revenue from corruption for re-investment (multiplier effect). On the other hand …

I examine whether elections influence perceived corruption in the public sector. Perceived corruption in the public … sector is measured by the reversed Transparency International’s Perception of Corruption Index (CPI). The dataset includes … perceived corruption in the public sector increased before elections. The effect is especially pronounced before early elections …

The nexus between corruption and economic growth has been examined for a long time. Many empirical studies measured … corruption by the reversed Transparency International's Perception of Corruption Index (CPI) and ignored that the CPI was not … 2012-2018 and re-examine the nexus between corruption and economic growth. The cumulative long-run effect of corruption on …

corruption. On the one hand, if we assume that the goal of criminals involved in corruption is to minimize the probability of … being detected, then corruption represents a demand for money laundering (trigger effect), while money laundering can serve … as an effective way to clean the revenue from corruption for re-investment (multiplier effect). On the other hand …

deontological moral reminder (“corruption is immoral”) leads to a significant reduction in accepting bribes. A consequentialist …