Proxy wars are a key pattern of political conflict and interstate competition. Rather than resorting to direct … the double principal-agent relationship predicts the continuation of conflict and thus the emergence of peace. …

institutions which drive this relationship using data from the Varieties of Democracy project. We sketch how incentives and … opportunities as well as the distribution of political power shaped by underlying institutions, in combination with the extent of … selection into institutional change, and run horse races between underlying institutions. We find that freedom of expression …

countries. It focuses on those experiences where the end of conflict marks the beginning of a relatively lasting peace. The … performance, health and education, political development, demographic trends, and conflict and security issues. For each of these … indicators, the paper first compares the post- and pre-war situations and then examines their dynamic trends during the post-conflict …

, societal norms, and institutions. Religion affects physical capital accumulation by influencing thrift and financial … unleashing technological change and through rituals, legal institutions, political economy, and conflict. Synthesizing a disjoint …—together with standard growth models to frame the role of religion in economic growth. Unifying a growing literature, we argue that …