changes in modelling strategy and econometric methodology, over the past twenty years, on estimation of firm-level investment … correction, traditional between- and within-firm estimation versus GMM estimation, the investment behavior of French firms versus … significant improvement in the specification, estimation and interpretation of firm investment equations; we also fin some real …

panel dataset of firms that are publicly traded in France, Germany, and Italy. Controlling for either permanent unobserved …&D in France and Germany is remarkably similar both to each other and to that in the US or the UK during the same period In …