normal retirement age in Germany did not prolong employment of older men. The reason for this surprising result is that … retirement option for the long-term insured. Bridge options allowed employers to terminate employment considerably earlier than … of the bridge options. Therefore mainly employers with high employment adaption costs induced employees to use a bridge …

This paper analyses the determinants of employment reactions of firms when environmental innovations have been carried … out. It differentiates hereby between employment increases and decreases. The data stem from a telephone survey covering … beneficial product and service innovations create jobs in contrast to process innovations. Employment changes occur in the wake …