A large literature studies subjective beliefs about economic facts using unincentivized survey questions. We devise … randomized experiments in a representative online survey to investigate whether incentivizing belief accuracy affects stated … provision does not reduce bias in our survey-based belief measures. …

This report describes the design, data, and main results of an online survey (i.e., the "Judging Without Knowing …" survey) that was conducted between October 2017 and June 2018 with more than 2,000 registered members on Clickworker (a … commercial survey company in Germany). The survey was conducted in order to provide a post-hoc test of the stimulus material …

. The theory is applied to a German survey on social benefit recipience. Minor deviations from assumptions are shown to have …