EU Eastern Enlargement elicited a rise in (temporary) labour market oriented immi-gration to Germany starting in May … distribution; and a permanent positive effect on full-time employment. …

affect the nature of the immigration inflow can effectively reduce native income losses and dampen adjustment dynamics in … regional labor markets. One such intervention is to distribute the inflow more evenly over time. Smaller immigration inflows …

employment gaps between immigrant and native men decline in the first years after arrival, they remain large for most cohorts … conditions do matter, and the employment rate of some earlier cohorts collapsed when structural shocks hit the German labor …