groups. Given wages, the direct employment effect of a reduction in weekly normal hours is negligible for all three groups … groups. Given wages, the direct employment effect of a reduction in weekly normal hours is negligible for all three groups …In this paper we estimate the employment effects of a reduction in weekly normal hours in West German manufacturing on …

with high likelihood of being outsourced. And, when comparing wages of direct and outsourced employees, it is possible to … notice that outsourced (with high likelihood) face a decrease in their wages, in most of the situations examined. …

estimation of causal effects shows significant higher average annual employment growth rates of German venture-backed firms. …