The COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic has triggered a deep global economic recession. The COVID-19 (Coronavirus) shock is the most adverse peacetime shock to the global economy in a century. The Russian Federation possesses a high-quality education system that is recognized internationally....

When Roosevelt abandoned the gold standard in April 1933, he converted what had been effectively real government debt into nominal government debt to open the door to unbacked fiscal expansion. We argue that he followed a state-contingent fiscal rule that ran nominal-debt-financed primary...

‘This is essential reading for anybody interested in global history.’ -Professor Ugo Panizza, The Graduate Institute of Geneva, Switzerland This illuminating book offers a compact survey and new interpretation of trends and policies in the US economy from the end of the nineteenth century to...

During the 1980s Britain became one of the world's most market-oriented economies, an approach which resulted in three severe recessions and a deepening degree of inequality. This book argues that a rebalancing of the economy will remain elusive until proactive policies are implemented at the...

John. J. McCloy, President of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, discussed the U.S. announcement of the European Recovery Program (Marshall Plan). This ambitious plan must be economically successful. The inherent strengths of Europe give reasonable assurance of the...

Introduction: The Responsibility of Knowledge, Challenges and Responses -- The Changing World and the Greek Economy Before the Crisis -- The Pre-Crisis Growth of the Greek Economy -- The Question of Growth -- Human Capital: Education, Innovation and Health -- Cultural Values, Stereotypes and...

Following a deep recession in 2020 and further contraction in 2021Q1, the euro area economy recovered rapidly in the second and third quarters thanks to high vaccination levels, increasing household and business adaptability to the virus, and continued forceful policy support. Looking ahead,...

This edition of the Kazakhstan Economic Update is part of a biannual series designed to monitor economic developments in Kazakhstan. It presents a concise analysis of macroeconomic and structural conditions from late 2015 through the first five months of 2016