Modern theory has delivered both the conservative central banker and the principal-agent approaches as rationales for … shows not only that greater independence is associated with lower inflation, but also that the central bank's rights not to … finance the government and to set interest rates independently increase its effectiveness. The role of inflation targeting and …

heterogeneous inflation expectations. Expectations are updated through social dynamics and, with heterogeneity, not all firms choose … to operate, putting downward pressure on realized inflation. Our model rationalizes why countries stuck at the zero lower … bound have had a hard time increasing inflation without being aggressive. The same model also predicts that announcing an …

(GFC) of 2007-2008. It was greatly aided by the adoption of inflation targeting. In this paper we evaluate this convergence …

. Specifically, we estimate a series of simple models to measure the impact of inflation targeting on the dispersion of private … sector forecasts of inflation. Using a panel data set that includes 15 countries over 20 years we find no convincing evidence … that adopting an inflation targeting regime leads to a reduction in the dispersion of private sector forecasts of inflation …

may arise. Ex-ante, the central bank chooses the socially optimal level of inflation. Ex-post, however, the central bank … chooses inflation above the social optimum to reduce the real value of private debt. This inefficient outcome arises when …