economy. The analysis suggests that subsidy reduction, to be successful, has to be embedded into an overall economic reform …, necessitates careful policy design. Comprehensive budgetary reform is required to prevent budgetary slippages during the transition …

In Jordan, a system of general food subsidies became untenable in budgetary terms, with a sharp devaluation of the … reform of the social security system might also be needed in view of the increased unemployment resulting from the recent …

this event, firms with little or no prior exposure to the federal accounts that experienced cuts reduced their lobbying … spending. In contrast, firms with a high degree of exposure to the cuts maintained and even increased their lobbying spending … likely intensified their lobbying efforts to distinguish themselves from the others and improve their chances of procuring a …

review of the evidence on the supply of earmarks by legislators. It then discusses the role of university lobbying for …