the Commission and Member States have identified using the most recent wave of the EU Labour Force Survey. Our results …

numerous attempts at developing a common European asylum policy, EU countries continue to differ widely in interpretation and … movements, illegal border crossings, and asylum applications to EU member states. We next turn to the economics of refugee …, we illustrate the economic integration of past refugee migrants to EU countries and conclude with several policy …

after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. We estimate that, within industries and occupations, Extra-EU migrants and … exposed men. According to our estimates, more than 9 million immigrants in the EU14+UK area are exposed to a high risk of …