find the existence of a significant, positive (negative) impact of over- (under-)education on firm productivity. Moreover …, their results show that the effect of over-education on productivity is stronger among firms: (i) with a higher share of … economic environment. Interaction effects between under-education and working environments are less clear-cut. However …

/or to decrease their wage cost. Yet, the evidence on the misalignment between education-induced productivity gains and … impact of education on productivity, wage costs and productivity-wage gaps (i.e. profits) using rich Belgian linked employer … significant upward-sloping profile between education and wage costs, on the one hand, and education and productivity, on the other …

While the literature on the incidence and wage effects of over-education is substantial, specific results for doctoral … have earned in a job corresponding to their level of education. Using a unique pan-European dataset, we rely on two … alternative measures of over-education and control stepwise for four groups of covariates (i.e. socio-demographic characteristics …

productivity, we find that: i) a higher level of required education exerts a significantly positive influence on firm productivity …, ii) additional years of over-education (both among young and older workers) are beneficial for firm productivity, and iii …) additional years of under-education (among young workers) are detrimental for firm productivity …