at the lower end of the wage distribution it increased at the top end of wage distribution. Education contributed to …

This study exposes a comparative treatment of the private returns to education in Palestine and Turkey over the period … provided first for average returns to education second for returns at different levels of schooling and finally for returns by … education for Females and males and for both years 2004 and 2008. It is believed that the relative size of the Palestinian …

This paper estimates private and social returns to investment in education in Turkey, using the 2017 Household Labor … Force Survey and alternative methodologies. The analysis uses the 1997 education reform of increasing compulsory education … by three years as an instrument. This results in a private rate of return on the order of 16 percent for higher education …

typically subject to lower remuneration than similar workers in the formal sector. Estimation of standard Mincer earnings …-tier jobs being largely penalized. Finally, fixed effects estimation of the earnings gap depict that unobserved individual fixed …

education. The public sector wage penalty for males has decreased recently over time and is larger for the better educated and …

of individual characteristics (i.e. gender, age, education level, work experience, sector of economic activity, firm size …