innovation distinguishing between "dirty" (internal combustion engine) and "clean" (e.g. electric and hybrid) patents across 80 … tax-inclusive fuel prices. Furthermore, there is path dependence in the type of innovation both from aggregate spillovers … and from the firm's own innovation history. Using our model we simulate the increases in carbon taxes needed to allow …

This paper investigates the relationship between product market competition (PMC) and innovation. A growth model is … reduce innovation incentives for laggards. There are four key predictions. First, the relationship between product market … competition (PMC) and innovation is an inverted U-shape. Second, the equilibrium degree of technological neck-and-neckness' among …

How does firm entry affect innovation incentives and productivity growth in incumbent firms? Micro-data suggests that … threat spurs innovation incentives in sectors close to the technological frontier--successful innovation allows incumbents to … prevent entry. In laggard sectors it discourages innovation--increased entry threat reduces incumbents' expected rents from …

paper, we address this question by investigating how innovation responses to a substantial policy initiative increasing … product market competition interact with the strength of patent rights. We provide empirical evidence of innovation responding … with step-by-step innovation models predicting that product market competition enhances innovation and, more importantly …

misallocation of talents to innovation …

-by-step innovation. Innovations result from costly R&D investments and move technology up one step. Competition is inversely measured by …-and-neck. All these results are consistent with the predictions of step-by-step innovation models …