This paper documents disparities in cognitive development-as measured by a receptive vocabulary test-between children …

scores, and sizable effects on college attendance and enrollment at more selective institutions, in particular for low-income … children. Our findings suggest that parental time investments are neutral to early skills gaps, while monetary investments are …

Do parents alter their investment in their child's human capital in response to changes in school inputs? If they do … children's education. The use of out-of-school suspensions is the novelty of this paper. Out-of-school suspensions are chosen … by the teacher or the principal of the school and not by parents, but they are a consequence of student misbehavior. To …

attainment of parents. We then decompose the overall trend into a parental background effect, a general expansion effect and a … tertiary education can be explained by the fact that the gap in participation rates between women with lowly educated parents … and women with highly educated parents has narrowed. We then investigate the role of financial constraints in explaining …