Many previous studies document a robust premium for value versus growth stocks in international markets. We show that this premium is driven by few years where High Minus Low (HML) returns are high and significant. For instance, for 12 European markets the HML return is statistically...

This article examines the relative influence of the US, UK and Japan on Middle Eastern Emerging Markets (MEEMs). The empirical results, from maximum likelihood regressions, Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models and Vector Autoregression (VAR) estimates, provide...