This paper investigates regional differences within China in the degree of participation in East Asia's production and distribution networks in machinery industries. By employing customs-based export data, large regional disparity in the pattern of machinery exports as well as a hint of...

It is well established in the published literature that international fragmentation has dramatically developed in East Asia since the 1990s, particularly in machinery industries, including general machinery, electric machinery, transport equipment and precision machinery. However, how far has...

This paper empirically investigates two areas of changes in firm behavior and performance at home before and after investing abroad. The first is the type of foreign direct investment (FDI): horizontal FDI or vertical FDI. The second is the firm's domestic activities of interest: production...

Inspired by the observed contrasting patterns of geographical distribution of the electric machinery industry in East Asia and Europe, this paper conducts an empirical clarification of the difference in spatial relationships in the industry sizes among countries within a region by use of spatial...