Research in experimental financial markets suggests that most people tend to overreact to unexpected, striking, and more recent news, and underreact to ordinary or non desirable new events. Many researchers document, as a result that, if one of these behavioral designs exist, then stock prices...

Degeorge, Patel and Zeckhauser (1999) show that companies willingly manage their earnings with the aim of meeting or exceeding three earnings targets: zero earnings, last period’s earnings, and analysts' earnings forecasts. In this paper, we focus on earnings management designed to...