There are four major modes through which firms undertake foreign direct investment (FDI): merger and acquisition (M&A), joint venture, new plant, and others. The four modes of FDI are distinct from each other, and each has its own unique advantages and disadvantages. While a large and growing...

Economic theory suggests that sound and efficient financial systems - banks, equity markets, and bond markets - which channel capital to its most productive uses are beneficial for economic growth. Sound and efficient financial systems are especially important for sustaining growth in developing...

Fiscal stimulus programs have contributed substantially to developing Asia's faster and stronger than expected recovery from the global financial crisis. This may lead to political pressures for greater use of countercyclical fiscal policy in the postcrisis period. However, the countercyclical...

Rebalancing growth toward domestic demand has emerged as a key postcrisis challenge for sustaining developing Asia’s rapid growth in the medium and long term. The central objective of this paper is to explore the role of fiscal policy in the region’s rebalancing process. What matters most...