, when observed firm characteristics and unobserved firm specific effects are controlled for. We find that export-starters in … services are less profitable than non-starters, even two years before they begin to export, pointing to self-selection of less … profitable firms into export markets. We use a recently developed continuous treatment approach to investigate the causal impact …

provides first evidence about export and productivity in the German business services sector. The database used is the German … business services enterprises self-select into export markets. However, no evidence is found concerning the hypotheses that … exporting increases productivity. -- Export ; productivity ; business services ; panel data …

-way traders do have the highest premia, followed by firms that only export, while firms that only import have the smallest …