Japan's industrial and trade policies are often seen as the reason for high Japanese balance of trade surpluses. Does …

Japan experienced a boom-and-bust cycle in the real estate and stock markets almost 20 years earlier than Europe. Since … institutions. Japan reached a low interest rate environment in the mid 1990s and has accumulated an exceptionally high level of … public debt during more than two decades of economic stagnation. This paper compares the boom-and-bust cycles in Japan and …