Gravity models are used to understand intra- and international trade flows. Trade costs play a central role in these … dataset, the resulting trade cost estimates become comparable. For a given trade elasticity, the inverse gravity framework … from Novy (2013a) is found to predict lower values than ratio gravity, used for example by Simonovska and Vaugh (2014 …

gravity equation in international trade, but have often yielded highly "fragile" estimates. This paper instead employs a non …