) reaction to rising and falling unemployment. In contrast, wage growth in establishments without collective bargaining adjusts … only to falling unemployment and is unaffected by rising unemployment. …

of immigrants and provides information on language skills. We find significant effects of age at migration on educational … attainment and a critical age of migration around age 6. The educational attainment of female immigrants responds more strongly …

This article studies the long run patterns and explanations of wage mobility as a characteristic of regional labor … markets. Using German administrative data we describe wage mobility since 1975 in West and since 1992 in East Germany. Wage … mobility declined substantially in East Germany in the 1990s and moderately in East and West Germany since the late 1990s …

the regional unemployment rate. In testing this hypothesis, most empirical studies have not taken into account that … wages with respect to unemployment postulated by Blanchflower and Oswald. In this regime, we also find that works councils … dampen the adjustment of wages to the regional unemployment situation. In the other regimes of plants that either do not make …