of immigrants and provides information on language skills. We find significant effects of age at migration on educational … attainment and a critical age of migration around age 6. The educational attainment of female immigrants responds more strongly …

This article studies the long run patterns and explanations of wage mobility as a characteristic of regional labor … markets. Using German administrative data we describe wage mobility since 1975 in West and since 1992 in East Germany. Wage … mobility declined substantially in East Germany in the 1990s and moderately in East and West Germany since the late 1990s …